Eminent Domain Report

Some of the biggest real estate disputes I’ve handled have started with a document that may be only a few paragraphs long: an easement. Easements are everywhere. Utilities use them for pipelines and transmission lines. Developers rely on them for access and infrastructure. Property owners inherit them when they buy property. And they’re often ignored—until somebody wants to do something the other side doesn’t like. And in eminent domain proceedings, public agencies and utilities oftentimes pay little attention to the easement terms or how broad or narrow they’ve ...

We recently reported on the California Legislature’s passage of Senate Bill 1153, noting that the Bill was waiting for Governor Newsom’s approval.  That approval has now occurred, and the Bill is official. 

This is a huge legislative victory for water suppliers in California, as the Bill clarifies that public water systems have no duty to be designed, constructed, or maintained for wildfire defense or suppression—and that the inability to maintain water supply or pressure during a wildfire is not a substantial cause of wildfire damages. Together, these authorities provide an ...

Understanding the acquisition and condemnation process is essential to the successful delivery of infrastructure and public projects. Whether you're new to the right of way profession or simply looking for a refresher, join us for our upcoming webinar, "An Introduction to the Right of Way Acquisition and Condemnation Process," on October 6, 2026.

In our work representing public agencies and other project stakeholders, we regularly see how important it is for project teams to have a clear understanding of the acquisition and condemnation process. While right of way acquisition ...

Most eminent domain lawyers tend to develop their practices on one side of the aisle. Some primarily represent public agencies and utilities acquiring property. Others primarily represent property owners and businesses facing condemnation. My practice has developed differently. For more than two decades, I have regularly represented both. I have represented public agencies and utilities acquiring property for major infrastructure projects, and I have represented property owners and businesses seeking just compensation when their property is taken or affected by those ...

Conservation easements are a common tool for protecting agricultural land, open space, wildlife habitat, and other natural resources throughout California. While frequently associated with conservation efforts, conservation easements are fundamentally a property-rights mechanism that allows landowners to limit future development while retaining ownership of their land.

What Is a Conservation Easement?

A conservation easement is a voluntary restriction on the use of real property designed to limit development while keeping the property in private ownership. Property ...

California water providers are one step closer to receiving important statutory protection against inverse condemnation claims arising from catastrophic wildfires. Senate Bill 1153 has passed both houses of the California Legislature and is headed to Governor Newsom. If signed, the legislation would provide important guidance regarding what public water systems can—and cannot—reasonably be expected to do during a wildfire.

For those following California inverse condemnation law, the bill is particularly significant because it builds upon both prior legislation ...

For several years, we’ve been reporting on and tracking several pending eminent domain matters involving public agencies attempting to take-over and operate public utilities (referred to as “municipalization”).  When two different California Courts of Appeal issued conflicting decisions on the standard of review that should be applied in such take-overs, the California Supreme Court finally decided to chime in.  On August 24, 2026, the Supreme Court in Town of Apple Valley v. Apple Valley Ranchos Water issued its decision and came down unequivocally in favor of ... 

Property Reserve, Inc. v. Superior Court (2016) 1 Cal. 5th 151, is a landmark precondemnation entry case that reinforced the statutory right of a party with the power of eminent domain to enter property to conduct tests and other investigatory work deemed necessary to determine the suitability of property for a public project.

In its latest iteration, the California Court of Appeal for the Third Appellate District, on March 26, 2026 (Department of Water Resources Cases), rejected landowners’ arguments that the Department of Water Resources must meet additional statutory ...

We’ve previously reported on the “Rails to Trails” process by which old railroad corridors are being abandoned and converted into other uses, such as hiking, biking or other trail purposes, and the potential ability of adjacent property owners to seek just compensation in certain circumstances. But what happens when the railroad is owned in fee by the railroad, or alternatively, where the railroad continues to operate but adds a pathway within the railroad corridor? Is compensation owed in these circumstances? 

The Nossaman team recently litigated these issues in a case ...

Periodically, a new public project needs to acquire land that is already put to an existing public use. In order to condemn such land, the condemning entity must demonstrate that the proposed use is either a compatible use or a “more necessary public use.” If thorough due diligence is not conducted in the early project stages to identify and address impacted existing public uses, a condemning entity may later face a right to take challenge based on the position that the proposed use is not more necessary than the existing public use.

So, what uses qualify as a more necessary use?

In California, the primary governing structure for condemnation suits is set forth within Title 7 of the California Code of Civil Procedure (CCP 1230.010, et. seq.), otherwise known as the Eminent Domain Act, which was enacted in 1975. In 2006, a few modest updates were made, including the addition of an appraisal reimbursement provision that requires a public entity to pay the reasonable costs, not to exceed $5,000, for a property owner facing condemnation to secure its own appraisal. Now, about twenty years later in 2025, new legislation, AB 1033, has been introduced to the ...

In 2024, we reported on a significant published appellate decision, South San Joaquin Irrigation District v. PG&E, which concluded that when a public agency uses eminent domain to acquire the assets of an electric, gas, or water utility, the court can exercise its independent judgment in determining whether the agency’s acquisition satisfies the public use and necessity requirements. The decision provided guidance on the standard of review and the limited level of deference given to public agencies in their decision-making on such utility take-overs. … 

When a public agency acquires property for a public project, property owners have a constitutional right to receive just compensation. But what about the businesses that operate on the property – are they entitled to anything? … 

I'll give you a hint, this is a bit of a trick question.  Give up?  Okay.  Whenever you name a State agency, of course. 

In Lavine v. State of California (pdf), a property owner filed a lawsuit after the Regional Water Quality Control Board adopted, and the California State Water Resources Control Board approved, a ban on on-site septic systems in Malibu.  (Case No. B238030, Aug. 20, 2013, Unpublished.)  The plaintiff owned a single-family residence in Malibu that utilized an on-site septic system; no public sewer system was available to residences in the area.  Although the ...